The Theatre of Marcellus (13BC) was, even though planned by Julius, dedicated by Augustus to the memory of his grandson. Being one of the principal monuments of the late Roman republic it demonstrates clearly the differences between Greek and Roman theaters: it's built on a structure instead of on a hill, it has a semicircular (not circular) orchestra and comprises a scaena frons (back scene).
A perfect early statement of the combination of a structural arch and a decorative column (later also used in The Colosseum).
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