The Scala Regia (1663-66) by Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1680) is the ceremonial staircase between the papal apartments and the colonnade. The two rows of ionic columns which flank the staircase gradually diminish in height as they rise, thus dramatizing the perspective effect. The Scala is one of Bernini's most brilliant concepts, exploiting the fact that the existing walls within which it had to be inserted where not parallel.
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